Can Landlords Sue for More Than the Security Deposit?

• Landlords can sue for damages beyond the security deposit when damages exceed normal wear and tear.
• Tenants can protect themselves by documenting the property’s condition, understanding their lease, communicating in writing, and returning the unit in good shape.
• Normal wear and tear is natural deterioration from ordinary use, while damage results from neglect, abuse, or carelessness.

Yes, landlords can sue for damages beyond the security deposit. A security deposit is intended to cover typical damages beyond normal wear and tear, but it may not always be enough to address more significant issues. Whether you’re renting an apartment in Austin or a house in San Diego, continue reading this Redfin article to learn about damages and security deposits. 

When can a landlord sue for more than the security deposit?

Landlords can sue for more than the security deposit when the cost of repairing damages exceeds the deposited amount. This occurs when the damage caused by a tenant goes beyond what is considered normal wear and tear. For example, if a tenant causes significant damage, such as large holes in walls that require extensive drywall repair and repainting.  Another example is if there’s considerable pet damage, such as stained carpets and chewed baseboards throughout the property, the repair costs could easily exceed the initial security deposit. In these scenarios, the landlord can pursue legal action to recover the additional expenses incurred to restore the property to its original condition.

What legal options do landlords have?

Landlords have a few legal avenues to pursue additional compensation beyond the security deposit.

• Small claims court: For smaller amounts, landlords can file a lawsuit in small claims court. This process is generally simpler and less expensive than traditional civil court.
• Civil court: For larger amounts, exceeding the limits of small claims court, landlords can file a lawsuit in a higher civil court. This often requires legal representation.
• Debt collection agencies: In some cases, landlords might use a debt collection agency to recover unpaid rent or damages if direct negotiation fails.

What to do if your landlord sues you?

If a landlord decides to sue for damages beyond the security deposit, you will receive a formal notice of the lawsuit, often called a summons, outlining the landlord’s claims. Tenants will likely need to appear in court to present their side of the case. It’s important to gather any evidence that supports their position, such as move-in checklists, photos, or communication with the landlord. If the court rules in favor of the landlord, you may be ordered to pay the additional damages. Failure to pay can lead to further legal actions, such as wage garnishment or liens on property.

How can you protect yourself?

As a tenant, you can take steps to minimize the risk of disputes and protect yourself from being sued for damages beyond the security deposit. Document everything by conducting a thorough move-in inspection and taking photos or videos of the property’s condition before moving in, and do the same when moving out. This provides clear evidence of the property’s state.

Understand your lease by reading the agreement carefully to understand your responsibilities regarding maintenance, repairs, and move-out procedures. Be sure to communicate with your landlord by addressing any maintenance issues promptly and in writing, keeping records of all communication. Finally, return the property in good condition by cleaning it thoroughly and addressing any minor repairs before moving out to avoid deductions for excessive cleaning or minor damages.

Frequently Asked Questions:

What is normal wear and tear?

Normal wear and tear refers to the natural deterioration of a property that occurs with ordinary use over time. Examples include minor scuffs on walls, faded paint, or worn carpet. It does not include damage caused by neglect, abuse, or carelessness.

Can a landlord keep my entire security deposit?

A landlord can keep all or part of your security deposit to cover repairs for damages beyond normal wear and tear. 

What should I do if I disagree with my landlord’s claim for damages?

If you disagree with your landlord’s claims, you should first try to negotiate directly. Talking directly can resolve issues without escalating to court.  If that fails, you can send a formal letter disputing the charges and, if necessary, consider legal action or mediation.